Publications

Vision-Language-Action, robot learning, world models, general reinforcement learning, LiDAR perception, scene completion, and visual odometry.

Recent Work (2023–2026)

VAMPO VAMPO: Policy Optimization for Improving Visual Dynamics in Video Action Models
Z. Ge, P. Ding, B. Yin, Q. Wang, Z. Xie, Y. Wang, J. Wang, H. Li, R. Suo, …, Ran Cheng, et al.
arXiv:2603.19370, 2026. paper project code

A policy-optimization method that sharpens the visual-dynamics prediction inside video-based action models, improving how the policy anticipates how the scene will change before acting.

Pragmatic VLA Foundation Model A Pragmatic VLA Foundation Model
W. Wu, F. Lu, Y. Wang, S. Yang, S. Liu, F. Wang, Q. Zhu, H. Sun, Y. Wang, …, Ran Cheng, et al.
arXiv:2601.18692, 2026. paper project code

A practical, deployment-oriented Vision-Language-Action foundation model for robotics, designed to be trained and served at scale across pretraining, post-training, and reinforcement learning.

The Great March 100 The Great March 100: 100 Detail-oriented Tasks for Evaluating Embodied AI Agents
Z. Wang, C. Liu, Y. Xiang, R. Zhang, Q. Hao, H. Lu, H. Chen, Z. Feng, K. Zheng, …, Ran Cheng, et al.
arXiv:2601.11421, 2026. paper project code

A benchmark of 100 fine-grained, detail-oriented manipulation tasks for stress-testing embodied AI agents on the kind of precise, long-tail behaviors that coarse benchmarks miss.

ChatVLA ChatVLA: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Robot Control with Vision-Language-Action Model
Z. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zhu, J. Wen, N. Liu, Z. Xu, W. Meng, Y. Peng, C. Shen, …, Ran Cheng, et al.
EMNLP, 2025. paper project code

A single model that handles both multimodal understanding and robot control. Phased alignment training plus a mixture-of-experts design curb the "spurious forgetting" and task interference that usually appear when the two objectives are trained jointly.

ScaleDP Scaling Diffusion Policy in Transformer to 1 Billion Parameters for Robotic Manipulation
M. Zhu, Y. Zhu, J. Li, J. Wen, Z. Xu, N. Liu, Ran Cheng, C. Shen, Y. Peng, F. Feng, et al.
ICRA, 2025. paper project code

Scales a transformer diffusion policy from 10M to 1B parameters. Affine feature-conditioning and an unmasking strategy tame the training instability that otherwise appears as the network grows, yielding large gains on simulated and real manipulation.

TinyVLA TinyVLA: Towards Fast, Data-Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation
J. Wen, Y. Zhu, J. Li, M. Zhu, Z. Tang, K. Wu, Z. Xu, N. Liu, Ran Cheng, C. Shen, et al.
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L), 2025. paper project code

A family of compact VLA models that skip large-scale robot pretraining and attach a diffusion action decoder during fine-tuning, giving faster inference and better data efficiency for real-world deployment.

Chain-of-Affordance Improving Vision-Language-Action Models via Chain-of-Affordance
J. Li, Y. Zhu, Z. Tang, J. Wen, M. Zhu, X. Liu, C. Li, Ran Cheng, Y. Peng, F. Feng
arXiv:2412.20451, 2024. paper project

Equips VLA models with a "chain-of-affordance" reasoning step — explicitly reasoning about object affordances and reachable interactions before predicting actions, which improves manipulation success.

SHIFT Planner SHIFT Planner: Speedy Hybrid Iterative Field and Segmented Trajectory Optimization with IKD-tree for Uniform Lightweight Coverage
Z. Fan, S. Zhou, H. Yang, J. Cai, Ran Cheng, L. Liu, T. Sun
arXiv:2412.10706, 2024. paper code

A coverage-path planner that combines an iterative potential field with segmented trajectory optimization and an incremental k-d tree, producing uniform, lightweight coverage for mobile robots.

MV-ROPE MV-ROPE: Multi-view Constraints for Robust Category-level Object Pose and Size Estimation
J. Yang, Y. Chen, X. Meng, C. Yan, M. Li, Ran Cheng, L. Liu, T. Sun, L. Kneip
IROS, 2024. paper

Uses multi-view constraints from an RGB video stream — via scale-aware monocular SLAM and an object-level pose-graph optimizer — to recover robust, absolute category-level object pose and size without relying on accurate depth.

Point cloud semantic segmentation patent Methods and Systems for Semantic Segmentation of a Point Cloud
Ran Cheng, R. Razani, B. Liu
US Patent 12,205,292, 2025. patent

A sparse-convolution framework for semantic segmentation of LiDAR point clouds, the method underlying our S3Net / AF2-S3Net line of work on large-scale 3D scene understanding.

Scale jump-aware pose graph relaxation Scale Jump-aware Pose Graph Relaxation for Monocular SLAM with Re-initializations
Runze Yuan, Ran Cheng, Lige Liu, Tao Sun, Laurent Kneip
IROS, 2023. paper code

Extends scale-drift-aware pose graph relaxation to the case where the relative scale between consecutive monocular frames is unknown — as happens when monocular SLAM re-initializes with no reliable overlap — recovering globally consistent trajectories across scale jumps.

Journal Papers

clean-usnob Lightweight Semantic-aided Localization with Spinning LiDAR Sensor
Yuan Ren, Ran Cheng, Christopher Agia, Bingbing Liu
[Patent Submitted]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles (T-IV), 2021. paper

We present a novel semantic enhanced LiDAR-based localization algorithm that considers a robust combination of semantic and non-semantic information, enabling adaptive scene-dependent localization behaviour.

Conference Papers

clean-usnob Spotlights: Probing Shapes from Spherical Viewpoints
Jiaxin Wei, Lige Liu, Ran Cheng, Wenqing Jiang, Minghao Xu, Xinyu Jiang, Tao Sun, Soren Schwertfeger, Laurent Kneip
ACCV, 2022. paper code

Inspired by spherical multi-view scanners, we propose a novel sampling model called Spotlights to represent a 3D shape as a compact 1D array of depth values. It simulates the configuration of cameras evenly distributed on a sphere, where each virtual camera casts light rays from its principal point through sample points on a small concentric spherical cap to probe for the possible intersections with the object surrounded by the sphere.

clean-usnob AF2-S3Net: Attentive Feature Fusion with Adaptive Feature Selection for Sparse Semantic Segmentation Network
Ran Cheng, Ryan Razani, Ehsan Tagahvi, Enxu Li, Bingbing Liu
CVPR, 2021. paper

We optimized the network structure from S3Net and pushed our performance even further, and achieved state-of-the-art result on public dataset semanticKITTI dataset (sigle scan, named as AF2S3Net).

clean-usnob [Oral] Lite-HDSeg: LiDAR Semantic Segmentation Using Lite Harmonic Dense Convolutions
Ryan Razani*, Ran Cheng*, Ehsan Tagahvi, Bingbing Liu * equal contribution
ICRA, 2021. paper

We proposed a real-time blazing fast Lite Harmonic Dense Block powered LiDAR point cloud segmentation network on spherical projected rangem map, and achieved state-of-the-art result on public dataset semanticKITTI dataset (sigle scan, named as LHDSegNet).

clean-usnob [Oral] S3Net: A Sparse Semantic Segmentation Network
Ran Cheng, Ryan Razani, Yuan Ren, Bingbing Liu
ICRA, 2021. paper video

We proposed a novel sparse 3D convolutional neural network framework to tackle the large scale real-world point cloud semantic semantic segmentation chellenges and achieved state-of-the-art result on public dataset semanticKITTI dataset (named as kyber_HW).

clean-usnob S3CNet: A Sparse Semantic Scene Completion Network
Ran Cheng, Christopher Agia, Yuan Ren, Xinghai Li, Bingbing Liu
CoRL, 2020. paper

We proposed a novel sparse 3D convolutional neural network framework to tackle the large scale real-world semantic scene completion chellenges and achieved state-of-the-art result on public dataset semanticKITTI dataset (named as Noah_Canada).

clean-usnob Attention-based Representations in Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving
Ran Cheng, Christopher Agia, Florian Shkurti, David Meger, Gregory Dudek
Manuscript submitted to IROS, 2021. comming soon

we propose a framework to inform and guide policy learning with augmented attention representations, demonstrating outstanding convergence speeds and stability for self-driving control.

clean-usnob Depth Estimation for Monocular Direct Visual Odometry
Ran Cheng, Christopher Agia, David Meger, Gregory Dudek
CRV, 2020. paper

We incorporate dense depth prediction and propose a novel deep learning module to improve the robustness and precision for the traditional Direct Sparse Odometry method.

clean-usnob Vision-Based Autonomous Underwater Swimming in Dense Coral for Combined Collision Avoidance and Target Selection
Travis Manderson, Juan Higuera, Ran Cheng, Gregory Dudek
IROS, 2018. paper

Proposed a deep learning system enables safe and autonomous coral reef navigation in underwater environments. We validate our approach using an untethered and fully autonomous robot swimming through coral reef in the open ocean.

clean-usnob Navigation in the Service of Enhanced Pose Estimation
Travis Manderson, Ran Cheng, David Meger, Gregory Dudek
ISER, 2018. paper

We modeled underwater visual navigation quality and turn it into training label for a deep synthetic network to guide robot swim along paths with low probability of visual tracking lost.

clean-usnob Deep Residual Pattern Learner for robust Direct Tracking
Ran Cheng, Christopher Agia
Paper in preparation, 2020.

We proposed a pipeline to weight residual pattern based on the residual point image local context to simulate the feature encoding and matching process in in-direct approaches. We are aiming to reduce the non-convexity introduced by including original image in energy function.

clean-usnob Real-time Semantic Scene Completion
Christopher Agia, Ran Cheng
Paper in preparation, 2020.

We applied sparse convolution and transpose convolution on raw Kitti Velodyne point cloud data to predict dense semantic segmentation of BEV masks.

clean-usnob Deep Attention Augmented RL
Ran Cheng
Paper in preparation, 2020.

Learn to follow the lane in a complex environment with DQN and DDPG, augumented with the latent semantic input with raw rgb image. Experimental results demonstrated outstanding convergence rate and stability.

clean-usnob [Patent Submitted] Topological Graph Map for 3D Lidar Localization and Mapping
Ran Cheng, Yuan Ren, Bingbing Liu
Paper in Preparation, 2020.

We proposed a 3D topological graph map to fit for large scale 3D Lidar localization.

clean-usnob [Patent Submitted] Fast LiDAR Segmentation for Landmark-based Localization
Yuan Ren, Ran Cheng, Christopher Agia
Paper in Preparation, 2020.

We show the utility of a hybrid segmentation module to extract key LiDAR points for landmark-based localization, built upon a novel topological map structure.

clean-usnob [Patent Submitted] Point Aggregation with Convolutional CRF for Long-Range Road Segmentation from LiDAR Point Clouds
Christopher Agia, Ran Cheng, Yuan Ren
Paper in preparation, 2020.

We propose an end-to-end convolutional network architecture for accurately segmenting road masks at extended ranges from LiDAR point clouds in real-time.

Thesis

clean-usnob Depth estimation for monocular Direct Visual Odometry
Ran Cheng, David Meger, Gregory Dudek
Master thesis, 2020. paper

We exploit depth prediction as a candidate prior for the coarse initialization, tracking, and marginalization steps of the direct visual odometry system, enabling the second-order op-timizer to converge faster to a precise global minimum. In addition, the given depth prior supports large baseline stereo scenarios, maintaining robust pose estimation against chal-lenging motions such as in-place rotation. We further refine our pose estimation with semi-online loop closure. The experiments on KITTI demonstrate that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to both traditional direct visual odometry and learning-based counterparts